16 May 2013

Celtic *longā 'boat, vessel' (updated)


















Celtic *longā 'boat, vessel' is attested in Welsh llong 'ship', Old Breton locou 'vessels, vases', Old Irish long 'vessel, (little) vase, ship', to which corresponds the Gaulish toponymic element Longo-1. There's also Cisalpine Gaulish (Todi) lokan /longan/ 'cinerary urn', an accusative form where /ng/ is rendered as k.

Although some authors have suggested a loanword (with reanalysis) from Latin nauis longa 'warship' (lit. 'long ship'), specialists such as Matasović
2 think this is a genuine Celtic word without IE etymology, which I consider it to be a cultural loanword from North Caucasian *leqˀV 'a k. of vessel' (NCED 1511), where the ejective stop became prenasalized.

Also related is Latin lanx 'dish, plate'3, apprently borrowed from Etruscan in account of its vocalism (lack of distinction a/o). 
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1 X. Delamarre (2008): Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise, p. 206-207.
2 R. Matasović (2009): Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic, p. 244.
3 This meaning is reflected in Tsezian.

11 May 2013

Celtiberian boustom 'cowshed, byre'

















Celtiberian boustom 'cowshed, byre', attested in the Botorrita I text, is a compound from Celtic *bow- 'cow' < IE *gʷōw- and *-sto- 'standing' < IE *sth2-o-1, formally identical to Old Irish búas 'riches, wealth (in kine)'2. In Iberian toponymy, this word has descendants in busto, bustar 'meadow': Busto, Bustelo/Bustillo, Busdongo, Bustarviejo, etc3.

I think possible for Iberian buiśtin-, boiśtin-, attested in La Serreta texts, to be a Celtiberian loanword with reduction of unstressed vowels o/u > i.
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1 C. Jordán Cólera (2004): Celtibérico, p. 64.
2 R. Matasović (2009): Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic, p. 71.
3 J.J. Moralejo (2007): Callaica nomina. Estudios de onomástica galega, p. 42.